The Virtues of Rosemary in Phytotherapy: Uses and Benefits

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has long been revered for its therapeutic properties and versatile applications in phytotherapy. This aromatic herb, native to the Mediterranean region, boasts a rich profile of antioxidants and essential oils that make it a staple in natural medicine.

Benefits of Rosemary

Rosemary is renowned for its numerous health benefits, making it a staple in phytotherapy. It protects liver cells, stimulates bile production, supports the digestive system, and alleviates joint and muscle pain. As a quintessential health plant, rosemary's virtues are explored by experts in the field.

Traditional and Modern Insights

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has been used for centuries based on traditional knowledge and understanding of its active components. Despite its long history of use, there are few clinical studies that focus exclusively on its effects.

Understanding Rosemary - Botanical Information:

Rosemary, being an evergreen herb, offers the advantage of year-round harvesting. However, the soft new growth in summer provides the most flavorful leaves. For optimal use, trim the shoots as needed while maintaining an appealing shape for the plant. The leaves are versatile and can be utilized fresh or dried for future use. To dry rosemary, simply hang sprigs in a warm, dark, and well-ventilated area.

Family: Lamiaceae (formerly Labiatae)

Origin: Mediterranean countries

Harvested Parts: Leaves and flowers

Description: Rosemary is an aromatic plant with characteristic purple flowers, commonly found in Mediterranean hills.

Identification of the Leaves:

• Shape: Long, thin, and needle-like

• Color: Dark green on top, silver underneath

• Texture: Leathery and slightly rough

Identification of the Stems:

• Appearance: Woody, especially at the base, thickening with age

• Color: Light to dark brown

Identification of the Flowers:

• Color: Usually pale blue, but can also be white or pink

• Shape: Small, tube-shaped, clustered in leaf axils

Identification of the Aroma:

• Description: Strong, fresh, woody, and slightly camphorous scent

• Identification of the Size:

• Height: Typically between 1 and 2 meters, with some dwarf varieties being smaller

• Rosemary is easily recognizable by its fragrance, appearance, and distinct features, making it a valuable plant in both culinary and medicinal contexts.

What are the health powers of rosemary?

The health benefits of rosemary are numerous and here are my favourite ones: 

• Improved digestion

  • It helps relieve digestive disorders such as bloating and cramps.  It would also relieve digestive or intestinal disorders (dyspepsia). The European Scientific Coordination in Phytotherapy (ESCOP) also validates its use for the improvement of biliary and hepatic functions.

• Memory stimulation

  • It can improve concentration and memory.

• Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties

  • It contains compounds that help reduce inflammation and protect cells from damage.

• Strengthening the immune system

  • Thanks to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, rosemary can help prevent certain infections.

• Pain relief

  • Used as an essential oil, it can help relieve muscle and joint pain  .

• Improved respiratory health

  • Rosemary can help relieve symptoms of respiratory infections such as bronchitis and colds  thanks to its expectorant and antimicrobial properties.

• Cardiovascular Health

  • Rosemary can help improve blood circulation and lower cholesterol levels, which contributes to cardiovascular health.

• Protecting liver cells from toxic substances

  • Rosemary is known to protect liver cells against toxic substances or drug side effects, thanks to several active substances such as flavonoids and essences (camphor, cineole, verbenone, pinenes).

How to use rosemary?

Rosemary can be used in many forms. It can be eaten fresh or dried, in the form of liquid or glycerine extract, young shoots, etc.

• Infusion (herbal tea)

  • To prepare herbal tea, all you have to do is infuse a few rosemary leaves in hot water. It's great for digestion and relaxation.

• Dry or liquid extract

  • These concentrated forms can be added to drinks or foods to benefit from its therapeutic properties in a more intense way.

• Essential oil

  • Used in massage or diffusion, rosemary essential oil helps relieve pain and purify the air. It must be diluted in vegetable oil when it is in contact with the skin. Before use, seek advice from a healthcare professional.

  • Rosemary essential oil is also used as an essential oil in diffusers to improve concentration, reduce stress, and improve mood.

• Inhalation

  • A few drops of rosemary essential oil in a bowl of hot water to inhale the vapors, helping to decongest the respiratory tract.

• Fresh

  • Fresh leaves can be added directly to dishes to enhance their flavour and enjoy their benefits.

What are the contraindications to the consumption of rosemary?

Taking rosemary is not recommended for some people.

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding : Rosemary, while beneficial in many contexts, may not be recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to several reasons:

  • Potential for Uterine Stimulation: Rosemary contains compounds that can stimulate the uterine muscles. This could potentially lead to contractions, which might increase the risk of miscarriage or preterm labor, especially if consumed in large amounts.

  • Effect on Hormones: Rosemary has been noted to affect hormonal balance. During pregnancy, hormonal changes are already significant, and adding substances that can further influence hormone levels might be risky.

  • Possibility of Allergic Reactions: Pregnant and breastfeeding women might be more sensitive to allergens. Although rare, rosemary could cause allergic reactions or sensitivities that might affect both the mother and the baby.

  • Interaction with Medications: Rosemary can interact with certain medications, and since pregnant or breastfeeding women may be taking various medications or supplements, these interactions could potentially pose risks.

• High Doses and Essential Oils: While culinary amounts of rosemary are generally considered safe, higher doses or the use of rosemary essential oil is not recommended. Essential oils are more concentrated and can have stronger effects, which may not be safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding.  For these reasons, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before using rosemary in significant amounts or as a supplement.  Rosemary is also contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.

• Epilepsy: Rosemary essential oil can trigger seizures in people with epilepsy and should be used with caution.

• Allergies: As with any plant, some people may be allergic to rosemary. It is therefore advisable to do a tolerance test before regular use.

• Stones and liver diseases: Rosemary, taken orally (including as an infusion), is contraindicated in people suffering from bile duct obstruction (stones) or liver disease.

• Excessive consumption: When consumed in excess, rosemary can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Rosemary is a plant with many virtues, but as with any natural remedy, it is essential to use it with care.

Rosemary can also be a natural repellent: rosemary branches can be used to repel insects in the garden. The dried leaves can also be put in bags to perfume drawers and cupboards.

 Conclusion

Rosemary is a remarkable herb with a rich history and a plethora of health benefits. From protecting liver cells and stimulating bile production to supporting the digestive system and alleviating joint and muscle pain, rosemary stands out as a powerful plant in phytotherapy. Its distinctive aroma, attractive appearance, and versatility make it a beloved addition to gardens and kitchens around the world.

However, it's essential to exercise caution, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, due to potential risks. Always consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating significant amounts of rosemary or its essential oils into your regimen.

By understanding both the benefits and precautions associated with rosemary, you can fully appreciate this Mediterranean marvel while ensuring safe and effective use. Whether you’re using it for its therapeutic properties or simply to enhance your culinary creations, rosemary remains a treasured herb with enduring value.

Sources

This blog is based on and enhances information from interviews with Shana Sarfati, a naturopath and dietician, and Dr. Jean-Michel Morel, a general practitioner and phytotherapist.

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